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Technical Note: Increase physical activity

Increase physical activity

DESCRIPTION:

Until 2011, the indicator measured the proportion of adults completing at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise 5 days a week.

From 2012 onwards, the indicator measures the proportion of adults completing a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise a week. The data for this indicator are collected as part of the Scottish Health Survey.

SOURCE:

The data for this indicator are gathered through the physical activity module of the Scottish Health Survey, a major population survey based on interviews with adults and children.

The adult physical activity module included in the survey from 1998 onwards is based on the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey, a major study of physical activity among the adult population in England conducted in 1990. The module examines:

  • The time spent being active
  • The intensity of the activities undertaken, and
  • The frequency with which activities are performed.

Types of activity covered

Four main types of physical activity are asked about:

  • Home-based activities (housework, gardening, building work and DIY)
  • Walking
  • Sports and exercise, and
  • Activity at work.

For the first three categories, participants are asked to report any activities lasting at least 10 minutes and to say on how many days in the past four weeks they had taken part in such activities. For walking, they are also asked on how many days they had taken more than one walk of at least 10 minutes. Where they had taken more than one walk, the total time spent walking for that day was calculated as twice the average reported walk time.

In addition, those in full or part-time employment were asked about activity while at work. These participants were asked to rate how physically active they were in their job (options were: very physically active, fairly physically active, not very physically active and not at all physically active). This question on intensity was used in combination with a new question on sedentary activity at work to produce estimates of the duration of moderate activity at work per week. As this information was not collected prior to 2012, data from this method of calculating work-based activity is not directly comparable with that from the method used in earlier years. The impact of this change was minor.

Intensity level

The revised activity guidelines advise people to accumulate 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week. The intensity level of activities mentioned by participants was estimated to help assess adherence to this guideline. The four categories of physical activity ‘intensity’ were:

  • Vigorous
  • Moderate
  • Light, and
  • Inactive

DEFINITIONS:

Old: The previous  guideline advised people to complete 30 minutes of at least moderate exercise 5 days a week

New: The revised activity guideline advises people to accumulate 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week.

Home-based activities were classified as either ‘moderate’ or ‘light’ depending on their nature. Participants were given examples of types of housework, gardening, building work and DIY which were described as either ‘heavy’ or ‘light.’ All cases of ‘heavy’ home-based activity were classified as being of ‘moderate’ physical intensity. Light gardening, building work and DIY were all classified as ‘light’ physical intensity. Due to its very low intensity, light housework was not included in the calculations of physical activity in this report.

For walking, participants were asked to assess their usual walking pace as ‘slow’, ‘steady average’, ‘fairly brisk’ or ‘fast – at least 4mph.’ For adults aged 16-64, walks of 10 minutes or more at a brisk or fast pace were classified as being of ‘moderate’ intensity. Walks at a slow or steady average pace were classified as ‘light.’ For adults aged 65 and over, walks of 10 minutes or more at a pace described as ‘slow’ or ‘steady average’ were also classified as being of ‘moderate’ intensity if participants said that walking at that pace had resulted in them breathing faster, sweating or feeling warmer.

The intensity levels of different sports and exercises was determined by a combination of (a) the MET level of the activity  and (b) the participant’s assessment of the amount of effort it involved. For example, all instances of playing squash, football or rugby were counted as ‘vigorous’ intensity. Other activities, however, like swimming or cycling, were only counted as ‘vigorous’ if the participant reported that the effort involved was enough to make them ‘out of breath or sweaty;’ if not, they were classified as ‘moderate’ intensity. Similarly, other activities, like yoga/pilates, counted as ‘moderate’ if they made the participant out of breath or sweaty, but ‘light’ if not.

People who reported being ‘very physically active’ at work were classified as moderately active and an estimate of the time spent being active per week was derived from the answer to the question about how much they spent sitting on a typical day at work, and their full or part-time working status. All other responses were counted as light or inactive. No one was classified as vigorously active at work. This approach represents a departure from previous years when activities at work were classified using a combination of (a) the participant’s assessment of how active they are in their job (described above), and (b) the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code assigned to their job type.

BASELINE AND PAST TRENDS:

The guideline was changed in 2012.  Previously adults were advised to do 30 minutes of at least moderate intensity activity on 5 days a week.

This change has led to a step change in the proportion of adults meeting the recommendation – estimated at 24 percentage points in 2012.

Year

Old Guidelines

New Guidelines

2008

39%

 

2009

37%

 

2010

39%

 

2011

39%

 

2012

38%

62%

2013  

64%

2014

  63%

2015

  63%

CRITERIA FOR RECENT CHANGE ARROW:

This evaluation is based on: any difference within +/- 2 percentage points of last year's figure suggests that the position is more likely to be maintaining than showing any change. An increase of 2 percentage points or more suggests the position is improving; whereas a decrease of 2 percentage points or more suggests the position is worsening.

For information on general methodological approach, please click here.

FUTURE ISSUES OR REVIEWS:

No issues.

ASSOCIATED TARGET:

No associated target.